Databases · MMDB, CSV.gz & Apache Parquet

Three synchronized artifact formats compiled from every snapshot

Every database subscription includes binary MMDB for sub-microsecond application lookups, Apache Parquet for vectorized warehouse joins, and gzipped CSV for relational bulk loading.

MMDB v2.0< 1 µsmmap zero-copy binary radix tree
Apache ParquetZSTD columnarColumnar SQL engines & data warehouses
Gzipped CSVRFC 4180Relational COPY & bulk load
ChecksumsSHA-256Signed SHA256SUMS on every release
1. Open MMDB Binary Format (.mmdb)

Compatible with standard MMDB readers in every language

Our compiler outputs strict MMDB binary format v2.0 files containing a unified IPv4 and IPv6 search tree and a deduplicated data section. Open the file with mmap and share it across worker processes with zero serialization overhead.

  • Works out of the box with standard MMDB readers in C, NGINX, Envoy, Python, Node.js, Rust, Go, and Java.
  • Nested dictionary structure matches our REST API JSON response (geo, network, connection, security, security_extensions).
import maxmind from 'maxmind';

const reader = await maxmind.open('/var/lib/ipscope/ipscope-complete.mmdb');
const record = reader.get('198.51.100.7');
console.log(record?.geo?.country_code, record?.security?.is_vpn);
2. Apache Parquet (.parquet) & 3. Gzipped CSV (.csv.gz)

Vectorized columnar scans in analytical SQL engines and relational databases

For SIEM log backfills, data warehouse enrichment, and SQL analytics, nested fields are flattened into typed columns with cidr, ip_version, start_ip, and end_ip keys.

  • Parquet files are ZSTD-compressed and row-group sorted by IP family and network start address for fast predicate pushdown.
  • CSV.gz files follow strict UTF-8 RFC 4180 formatting for one-line relational COPY ingestion.
SELECT
  country_code,
  COUNT(*) AS vpn_prefixes,
  COUNT(DISTINCT asn) AS distinct_asns
FROM read_parquet('ipscope-complete.parquet')
WHERE is_vpn = true
GROUP BY country_code
ORDER BY vpn_prefixes DESC
LIMIT 10;

Artifact format comparison

All three formats are included at no extra cost on every database subscription.

FormatFile ExtensionCompressionPrimary Use CaseTypical Query Speed
Open MMDB v2.0.mmdbBinary pointer deduplicationReal-time backend APIs, edge workers, reverse proxies< 1 µs per IP via mmap
Apache Parquet.parquetZSTD columnarColumnar SQL engines & analytical data warehousesMillions of rows/sec scan
Comma-Separated Values.csv.gzGzip (RFC 1952)Relational database COPY & custom ETL scriptsSequential stream import

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